Cookie, the mini, pulling a sled!

 I have been periodically working with my miniature horse, Cookie, to teach her to drive. She still needs a bit of refinement on important skills such as turning and stopping, but yesterday was a big milestone!

Spooky and bolting horses are frightened horses. How to deal with it.

Understanding Fear in Horses

Fear and the Horse

Fear is quickly learned by horses and is strongly connected to how their legs move. Identifying and reducing fear responses in horses is crucial for effective and safe training.

What is Fear?
Fear triggers a horse’s natural flight response—the instinct to run from danger. This response is controlled by the brain and adrenal glands, particularly a part of the brain called the amygdala. Once a horse learns fear, it doesn’t forget it. While new behaviors can be layered on top, the fear remains and requires consistent training to manage.

When a horse is afraid, its heart rate increases, and it ignores everything except the source of fear. This explains why a panicked horse may run into fences or obstacles. Fear also disrupts the horse's movement, making its legs jerky and its actions less smooth.

Signs of Fear in Horses
Horses show fear in many ways, such as:

• Bolting (running uncontrollably)
• Bucking
• Rearing (standing on hind legs)
• Shying (suddenly swerving)
• Tension, grinding teeth, or swishing tails

These behaviors often disrupt rhythm and smooth movement. For example, bolting is the most extreme flight response, while bucking helps remove predators.

Do All Horses React the Same Way?
Not all horses respond to fear by running. Some breeds, like Thoroughbreds and Arabians, are more likely to run due to their ancestry. Other horses, descended from cold climates and used to fighting predators like wolves, may defend themselves by striking with their hooves instead of fleeing.

Fear Is Learned Quickly
Unlike other behaviors that take repeated training, fear responses can be learned in just one or two experiences. This is because fear helps horses remember how to escape predators. In training, it’s important to avoid situations that trigger fear and to correct fear responses immediately.

What Reinforces Fear?
Fear is reinforced whenever a horse escapes the source of its fear, even by a small distance. For example, if a horse steps away from a farrier or flinches from a whip, it learns that avoidance works. Training should focus on preventing this reinforcement by using calm and consistent methods to reduce fear.

Recognizing Fear in Training
Many trainers misinterpret fear responses. For instance, a horse speeding toward a jump is often labeled “keen,” but this is usually fear-based acceleration. Proper training involves teaching the horse to maintain a steady rhythm without speeding up or panicking.

Preventing Fear Responses
To manage fear, avoid fast or random leg movements during training. For example:

• Ride slower near objects that scare the horse and correct shying immediately.
• Address bucking or bolting by slowing the horse’s legs, rather than letting it continue the behavior.

Horses trained to move calmly and predictably are less likely to develop fear-based behaviors.

The Role of Flight Response in Performance
A certain amount of the flight response is necessary for speed in activities like racing. However, too much can make a horse unsafe and unmanageable, such as in bolting. Well-trained horses can maintain speed without losing control, while panicked horses cannot.

Spontaneous Recovery of Fear
Fearful behaviors can reappear unexpectedly, especially during stressful situations. Training methods like chasing a horse in a round pen can worsen fear by reinforcing flight responses. Instead, groundwork and lunging should be done in a calm, controlled manner.

Controlling the Horse’s Legs
Controlling a horse’s leg movements is key to managing fear. Groundwork that teaches a horse to move only when signaled, and to stop and stay still when asked, builds trust and prevents fear-based behaviors.

Training a Horse to Handle Scary Objects: Using a Bag of Noisy Soda Cans

 

  

In this method, you will show your horse that you are a strong leader who can protect them. To do that, you will use a bag of noisy soda cans to help your horse overcome fear. Here's how it works:

1. Position the Horse Safely
   Start with your horse behind you at a safe distance, holding a 12-foot lead rope. If your horse is easily scared, consider using a longer lead. Always make sure you're positioned between the horse and the scary object (the bag of cans). 

2. Approach the Bag Calmly
   Walk toward the bag without looking at your horse. Instead, feel the horse's movements through the lead rope. Keep your arm, hand, and shoulder relaxed. This helps signal to the horse that everything is safe. If you look back at your horse, he may think you are unsure of proceeding forward.
3. Interact with the Bag
• Gently nudge or tap the bag to make noise. This might startle the horse a bit, but stay calm and avoid looking back at them. (You, the leader, are investigating. You aren’t worried about your horse’s opinion).
• If the horse pulls on the lead, resist gently without reacting.
• Kick the bag away from you, then walk toward it and stomp on it or tap it energetically. Continue to kick or toss the bag away, always keeping your movements calm and controlled. (You, strong leader, are defeating the scary bag!)

 

4. Avoid Directing Energy Toward the Horse
   Make sure your body and the lead rope stay neutral—don’t send any signals that could scare the horse further (or cause the horse to believe you may be unsure).
5. Repetition Builds Confidence
   Repeat the process several times. Over time, the horse will feel braver because their leader (you) is calmly handling the "scary" object. Eventually, the horse may even approach the bag on its own out of curiosity. 

6. Limit Interaction with the Bag
   Don’t let the horse play with the bag too much. By keeping the bag just out of reach, you increase their curiosity and willingness to engage with it calmly. Besides, the last thing you need is for the horse to paw the bag, get it stuck on a horseshoe, then run terrified as the scary bag pursues him!
7. Building Trust and Acceptance
   By staying calm and consistent, your horse learns to trust you and becomes more confident around unfamiliar or scary objects.